Why were relations between Christians and Jews sometimes peaceful, sometimes violent?

The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought to the British Isles the Jews, a group of alien inhabitants who to begin with went largely unnoticed by the mass of the population. A hundred years later, the situation was much changed. The murder of William of Norwich in 1144 fuelled a wary dislike and fear of Jews which then made their outsider status, with regard to culture, all the more apparent. This was despite the fact that they were becoming ever more incorporated into the system of feudal government. The rise of Jewish moneylenders to positions of great prosperity was to intensify this dislike, such that in 1190 the culmination of popular aversion saw itself manifested in the massacre of Jewish men, women and children at York. This was clearly a situation that had been brought about by not just a fundamental difference in religion, or perceived difference in race, but by the societal divide that had inevitably formed, where the untouchable position of wealthy Jewish businessmen had proved a target of aggression for the frustrated English churchgoer.

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